Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) remains a common sequela in patients following surgically corrected TOF, and may lead to progressive right...

The treatment for bilateral synchronous multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) remains challenging. Simultaneous bilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) may...

Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) remains a common sequela in patients following surgically corrected TOF, and may lead to progressive right...

Thoracic surgery is a complex field requiring advanced technical skills and critical decision-making. Surgical education must evolve to equip...

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital cardiac malformation, accounting for approximately 30% of congenital heart defects....

Closed chest drainage is typically necessary following Lobar and Sublobar resections to evacuate gases and fluids from the thoracic...